Abstract: With the promotion of the national digital security strategy and the implementation of the Cryptographic Law, cryptographic engineering talents have become the key force to support the autonomy and control of the information security system. In order to solve the prominent problems such as vague educational objectives, scattered curriculum structure and weak practice path, this paper constructs a four-dimensional competency model integrating “knowledge, skills, literacy, and practice, ” clarifying the comprehensive competency structure required for cryptographic engineering professionals. On this basis, the study proposes four construction paths supported by education system architecture, curriculum ability matching, practical teaching mechanism and evaluation and certification system, and systematically builds a talent training mode that fits Chinese characteristics, is oriented to engineering practice and has the ability of standardized promotion. The research integrates the ASK-P concept with national occupational standards, drawing insights from exemplary domestic and international cases. It strengthens the industry-education integration mechanism and job-adaptation pathways, facilitating the transformation and upgrading of China’s cryptographic engineering education—from “knowledge transmission” to “competency development, ” and from “internal teaching” to “industry integration.” This provides theoretical support and practical solutions for the supply of high-quality cryptographic talents.